nutrient
Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone)
The main vitamin K form in leafy green plants and the form used for EFSA’s vitamin K AI.
Phylloquinone is a fat-soluble vitamin K form. Food source, preparation and dietary fat can influence the intake record.
What the form means
EFSA’s AI is expressed as phylloquinone, and leafy vegetables are important sources. Menaquinones are chemically distinct vitamin K forms.
Food sources
Per 100 g| Food | Per 100 g | Daily reference |
|---|---|---|
| Spinach, raw (SR Legacy 2018) | 483 µg | 690% |
| Hummus, commercial | 17.2 µg | 24.57% |
| Carrots, frozen and unprepared | 15 µg | 21.43% |
| Grape tomatoes, raw | 4.2 µg | 6% |
| Ground flaxseed | 3.68 µg | 5.26% |
Show 10 more foods
| Food | Per 100 g | Daily reference |
|---|---|---|
| Atlantic sardines, canned in oil (SR Legacy 2018) | 2.6 µg | 3.71% |
| English walnuts, raw | 1.7 µg | 2.43% |
| Lentils, cooked and salted (SR Legacy 2018) | 1.7 µg | 2.43% |
| Russet potato, raw | 1.5 µg | 2.14% |
| Atlantic salmon, farmed, raw (SR Legacy 2018) | 0.5 µg | 0.71% |
| Oat milk, unsweetened and refrigerated | 0.4 µg | 0.57% |
| Plain whole-milk yogurt | 0.2 µg | 0.29% |
| Orange sweet potato, peeled and raw | 0.2 µg | 0.29% |
| Banana, ripe, raw | 0.1 µg | 0.14% |
| Atlantic salmon, farmed, cooked (SR Legacy 2018) | 0.1 µg | 0.14% |
Compared with EFSA’s adult reference of 70 µg/day.
About these amounts
These values describe the named food and preparation. A 100 g comparison is not a suggested serving. Small amounts are rounded for display; an unreported amount is not zero.
Healthy European adults; phylloquinone. Adequate intake: 70 µg/day. These are population references, not individual targets.
Portions recorded by the source
- Hummus, commercial: 2 tablespoon (33.9 g) — 5.83 µg, 8.33% of the daily reference.
The source records and EFSA guidance are linked in References below.
Forms
Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) is a form of Vitamin K.
Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) is a named chemical form within its parent vitamin family.
Worth knowing
The leafy-green form. Phylloquinone, or vitamin K1, is the main dietary vitamin K form and is abundant in leafy green vegetables. It is fat-soluble, so meal composition can affect how much is absorbed from a food.
A closer look
Food tables mostly capture K1
Food composition data primarily report phylloquinone because measurements for menaquinones are limited. A low or missing K2 value in a food table can therefore reflect the database method rather than proof that every vitamin K form is absent.
References
Source-checked local draft.
Human editorial review pending.
- NIH Office of Dietary SupplementsVitamin K: Fact Sheet for Health ProfessionalsChecked 2026-09-05
- European Food Safety AuthorityDietary Reference Values for nutrients: Summary reportChecked 2026-09-05
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceFoodData Central SR Legacy, April 2018 JSON releaseChecked 2026-09-05
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceFoodData Central Foundation Foods, April 2026 JSON releaseChecked 2026-09-05